Small molecule activation of the tumor suppressor kinase LKB1

Abstract

The ability to identify and target oncogenic signals has transformed clinical oncology. Drug development for targeted therapies has historically focused on the inhibition of oncogenic kinases and GTPases. However, many cancer patients do not benefit from targeted approaches because their tumors lack targetable mutations. Therapeutic augmentation of tumor suppressive signaling could be a viable alternative but poses challenges. Specifically, designing compounds capable of stimulating kinase activity is more structurally challenging than inhibitor design, and most kinases lack targetable allosteric pockets. Inactivation of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) tumor suppressor kinase is associated with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Thus, augmented LKB1 function could be beneficial for cancer patients whose tumors retain intact copies of the gene. LKB1 signals as part of an obligate trimer including the scaffolding protein Mouse protein-25 (MO25) and the pseudokinase (PSK) STE20-related kinase adapter protein (STRAD). As STRAD binds but does not metabolize ATP, it provides the opportunity for a novel activation strategy. We have developed STRAD-binding compounds capable of activating LKB1 and demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of LKB1 activation in a target-dependent manner within cancer cell lines.