APOEϵ4 and exercise interact to influence systemic and cerebral risk factors for dementia

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONAPOE{varepsilon}4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimers disease and related dementias (ADRDs) affecting many different pathways that lead to cognitive decline. Exercise is one of the most widely proposed prevention, and intervention strategies to mitigate risk and symptomology of ADRDs. Importantly, exercise and APOE{varepsilon}4 affect similar processes on the body and brain. While both APOE{varepsilon}4, and exercise have been studied extensively, their interactive effects are not well understood. METHODSTo address this, male and female APOE{varepsilon}3/{varepsilon}3, APOE{varepsilon}3/{varepsilon}4 and APOE{varepsilon}4/{varepsilon}4 mice ran voluntarily from wean (1mo) to midlife (12mo). Longitudinal and cross-sectional phenotyping was performed on the periphery and the brain, on markers of risk for dementia such as weight, body composition, circulating cholesterol composition, activities of daily living, energy expenditure, and cortical and hippocampal transcriptional profiling. RESULTSData revealed chronic running decreased age-dependent weight gain, lean and fat mass, and serum LDL concentration dependent on APOE genotype. Additionally, murine activities of daily living and energy expenditure were significantly influenced by an interaction between APOE genotype and running in both sexes. Transcriptional profiling of the cortex and hippocampus predicted that APOE genotype and running interact to affect numerous biological processes including vascular integrity, synaptic/neuronal health, cell motility, and mitochondrial metabolism, in a sex-specific manner. DISCUSSIONThese data provide compelling evidence that APOE genotype should be considered for population-based strategies that incorporate exercise to prevent ADRDs.