Landscape and dynamics of the transcriptional regulatory network during natural killer cell differentiation

Natural killer (NK) cells are essential in controlling cancer and infection. However, little is known about the dynamics of the transcriptional regulatory machinery during NK cell differentiation. In this study, we applied assay of transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) technique in a self-developed in vitro NK cell differentiation system. Analysis of ATAC-seq data illustrated two distinct transcription factor (TF) clusters that dynamically regulate NK cell differentiation. Moreover, two TFs from the second cluster, FOSL2 and EGR2, were identified as novel essential TFs that control NK cell maturation and function. Knocking down either of these two TFs significantly impacted NK cell transformation. Finally, we constructed a genome-wide transcriptional regulatory network that provides an understanding of the regulatory dynamics during NK cell differentiation.