Design of Tissue-Selective PROTACs Through Recruiting E3 Ligase Scaffolding Protein MAGEA11

Abstract

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that induces protein degradation by recruiting E3 ligases. Most reported PROTACs recruit ubiquitously expressed E3 ligases, such as cereblon and the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Of the additional 600+ E3 ligases, recruiting those with tissue-restricted expression is attractive for increasing the specificity of PROTACs. To this end, tissue-specific E3 ligases or E3 ligase-associated proteins that can be recruited for targeted protein degradation need to be identified. This work describes the first reported PROTAC that recruits the tissue-specific E3 ligase scaffolding protein MAGEA11. As an initial demonstration, a library of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET)-targeting PROTACs that recruit MAGEA11 was synthesized. The library was screened in osteosarcoma U2OS cells, identifying lead compound 105B. 105B potently degrades BET proteins in U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines (BRD4 DC50 = 0.130 nM, Dmax = 78%) and KYSE180 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (DC50 = 40 nM, Dmax = 70%), but shows no degradation in non-cancerous, MAGEA11-deficient HEK293T cells. Mechanistic studies confirmed 105Bs dependence on the ubiquitin-proteasome system and engagement of both MAGEA11 and BRD4. 105B decreased levels of BET-regulated gene products c-Myc, RUNX2, and KRT14; however, improvements are still necessary to affect selective cytotoxicity. This work reports the first example of a PROTAC recruiting a tissue-specific E3 ligase for cancer-restricted degradation of BET proteins and highlights the need for further development of MAGEA11-recruiting degraders.