Disease-linked mutations trigger exposure of a protein quality control degron in the DHFR protein

Abstract

Degrons are short stretches of amino acids or structural motifs that are embedded in proteins. They mediate recognition by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases and thus confer protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Well-described degrons include the N-degrons, destruction boxes, and the PIP degrons, which mediate the controlled degradation of various proteins including signaling components and cell cycle regulators. In comparison, the so-called protein quality control (PQC) degrons that mediate the degradation of structurally destabilized or misfolded proteins are not well described. Here, we show that disease-linked DHFR missense variants are structurally destabilized and chaperone-dependent proteasome targets. We systematically mapped regions within DHFR to assess those that act as cytosolic PQC degrons in yeast cells. Two regions, DHFR-Deg13-36 (here Deg1) and DHFR-Deg61-84 (here Deg2), act as degrons and conferred degradation to unrelated fusion partners. The proteasomal turnover of Deg2 was dependent on the molecular chaperone Hsp70. Structural analyses by NMR and hydrogen/deuterium exchange revealed that Deg2 is buried in wild-type DHFR, but becomes transiently exposed in the disease-linked missense variants.