Chip (Ldb1) is a new cofactor of Zelda forming a functional bridge to CBP during zygotic genome activation

Abstract

The cofactor Ldb1 (Chip) is linked to many processes in gene regulation, including enhancer-promoter communication, inter-chromosomal interactions and enhanceosome-cofactor-like activity. However, its functional requirement and molecular role during embryogenesis has not been assessed to date. Here, we used optogenetics (iLEXY), to rapidly deplete Drosophila Ldb1 (Chip) from the nucleus at precise time windows. Remarkably, this pinpointed the essential window of Chips function in just one-hour of embryogenesis, overlapping zygotic genome activation (ZGA). We show that Zelda, a pioneer factor essential for ZGA, recruits Chip to chromatin, and both factors regulate concordant changes in gene expression, suggesting that Chip is a cofactor of Zelda. Surprisingly, Chip is not required for chromatin architecture at these stages, instead it recruits CBP, and is essential for the placement of H3K27ac. Taken together, our results identify Chip (Ldb1) as a functional bridge between Zelda and the coactivator CBP to regulate gene expression in early embryogenesis.