Caenorhabditis elegans LET-413 Scribble is essential in the epidermis for growth, viability, and directional outgrowth of epithelial seam cells

Abstract

The conserved adapter protein Scribble (Scrib) plays essential roles in a variety of cellular processes, including polarity establishment, proliferation, and directed cell migration. While the mechanisms through which Scrib promotes epithelial polarity are beginning to be unraveled, its roles in other cellular processes including cell migration remain enigmatic. In C. elegans, the Scrib ortholog LET-413 is essential for apical-basal polarization and junction formation in embryonic epithelia. However, whether LET-413 is required for postembryonic development or plays a role in migratory events is not known. Here, we use inducible protein degradation to investigate the functioning of LET-413 in larval epithelia. We find that LET-413 is essential in the epidermal epithelium for growth, viability, and junction maintenance. In addition, we identify a novel role for LET-413 in the polarized outgrowth of the epidermal seam cells. These stem cell-like epithelial cells extend anterior and posterior directed apical protrusions in each larval stage to reconnect to their neighbors. We show that the role of LET-413 in seam cell outgrowth is mediated at least in part by the junctional component DLG-1 discs large, which appears to restrict protrusive activity to the apical domain. Finally, we demonstrate that the Rho-family GTPases CED-10 Rac and CDC-42 can regulate seam cell outgrowth and may also function downstream of LET-413. Our data uncover multiple essential functions for LET-413 in larval development and shed new light on the regulation of polarized outgrowth of the seam cells.