Extracellular ATP drives pancreatic cancer cell invasion via purinergic receptor-integrin interactions

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer of unmet clinical need. Given the elevated ATP levels seen in PDAC, the purinergic axis represents an attractive therapeutic target. Mediated in part by highly druggable extracellular proteins, it plays essential roles in fibrosis, inflammation response and immune function. We have analysed the PDAC purinome using publicly available databases to discern which members may impact patient survival. We identified P2RY2 to be the purinergic gene with the strongest association to hypoxia, the highest cancer cell specific expression and the strongest impact on overall survival. Invasion assays using a 3D spheroid model revealed P2Y2 to be critical in facilitating invasion driven by extracellular ATP. Using genetic modification or pharmacological strategies we identify the mechanism of this ATP-driven invasion to require direct protein-protein interactions between P2Y2 and V integrins. Using DNA-PAINT super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we found that P2Y2 regulates the amount and distribution of integrin V in the plasma membrane. This work highlights a novel GPCR-integrin interaction in cancer invasion and its potential for therapeutic targeting.