Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

This study investigates whether value representations in the rodent orbitofrontal cortex drive choice or support learning, finding that they instead signal expected reward information to a learning process elsewhere in the brain.

The paper investigates motor inhibition after action errors in humans using transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG, finding two types of inhibition linked to post-error slowing.

This paper responds to criticisms of the ABCD Stop task, arguing that the concerns have minimal impact on neuroimaging and performance data, and highlights adjustments made to the task and data releases.

This paper compares neural circuits for laboratory and everyday-life habits using fMRI meta-analysis, finding common striatal substrates in posterior and anterior putamen.

This study investigates metacognition in macaques using confidence proxies and computational models, finding BA46d's time-sensitive role in metacognitive processes.

This paper reviews task-based fMRI studies on irritability in youth, finding no neural convergence across domains and highlighting the need for standardized assessments and tasks.

The paper examines how the presence or absence of a prefrontal sulcus correlates with reasoning performance in children during development.

This study shows that cingulate cortex inputs to motor cortex are necessary for updating rule representations during sequential choice decisions after rule switches.

The paper shows that orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neurons contribute to value comparison in economic choices by disrupting the decision process without affecting offer values through electrical stimulation.

The paper investigates how confidence in others' decisions is computed by combining estimates of ability and decision difficulty, supported by specific brain systems.

This study shows that nonlinear reinforcement learning with divisive normalization introduces asymmetry in prediction error coding, explaining behavioral variability and supporting distributional RL theories.

The paper isolates the neural and cognitive signatures of information seeking by distinguishing it from changes-of-mind, finding increased attention and arousal during information seeking.

The paper shows stress reduces outcome representations but enhances response representations during instrumental learning, linked to habitual responding.

This study shows that older adults' slower reaction times are due to reduced preparation speed, not delayed initiation, with a consistent 90ms delay between preparation and initiation.

The paper links structural brain maturation in key cognitive control regions to inhibitory control development in 3- to 4-year-olds using MRI and behavioral data.

The paper investigates how average task value influences reward-related ACC activity, finding that reward positivity is reduced in high-value tasks independent of reward magnitude or outcome expectancy.

This study reviews fMRI studies of aggression-prone individuals and finds increased limbic and temporal activity and decreased occipital activity during anger-eliciting tasks.

The paper identifies distinct electrophysiological correlates of decision confidence during and after perceptual decisions, showing different neural patterns for correct and erroneous trials.

The paper investigates how EEG dynamics reflect decision biases and future choices during learning from unexpected events in a probabilistic choice task.

This study investigates how the brain assigns credit for inferred relationships in structured environments using a novel task and Bayesian model, finding that the medial prefrontal cortex represents hierarchical associations and tracks abstract task positions.

The paper uses Bayesian analysis of fMRI data in an equiprobable Go/NoGo task to find evidence for non-selective response inhibition in uncertain contexts.

This study shows that task-belief and perceptual decision-making are closely linked in macaques, with stronger task-belief associated with better perception.

The paper shows that unique left auditory cortex activity in children predicts performance in inhibition tasks, suggesting different brain mechanisms compared to adults.

This study shows that rat anterior cingulate cortex activity reflects dynamic encoding of decision variables in a patch foraging task, but these signals are not directly involved in decision-making.

The paper investigates how post-error slowing varies based on speed-accuracy tradeoff policies in different contexts and finds that it is only adaptive in a hasty context.

The paper identifies a sustained decrease in corticomotor excitability as a neural marker of proactive inhibitory control during error correction.

This study shows that cardiac cycle phase influences asymmetric value updating in instrumental reward learning, with higher learning rates for positive prediction errors during systole.

The paper identifies a functional partition in the medial prefrontal cortex, showing vmPFC relates to value and cost, while dmPFC relates to confidence and deliberation across rating and choice tasks.

The paper links greater activation in a cingulo-opercular circuit during an anxiety-eliciting task with reduced daily stressor-related distress in individuals.