Pharmacological recruitment of a VTA glutamatergic arousal circuit by the natural product BN3 drives broad-spectrum emergence from general anesthesia
Ran Ji, Yi Zhao, Zhenbo Huang, Xuehan Li, Yuehua Chen, Yu Gan, Tian Zhang, Ao Hai, Shirong Lai, Tianyou Liu, Yudong Yin, Yuhao Sun, Yuan Yu, Buyi Xu, Jin Liu, Bowen Ke
The paper identifies BN3 as a broad-spectrum agent that accelerates emergence from general anesthesia by targeting a VTA glutamatergic arousal circuit.
bioRxiv · Feb 18, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience