The anterior insular cortex mediates higher-order threat learning and memory
Ho Namkung, Bandhan Mukherjee, Josephine de Chabot, Sedona Lockhart, Lauren Guttman, Imad Isehak, Annatje Clark, Atsushi Saito, Isamu Miura, Koko Ishizuka, Hyungbae Kwon, Akira Sawa
This study identifies the role of anterior insular cortex neurons in higher-order threat learning and memory, showing they are essential for temporally separated or diffuse threat contexts but constrain fear expression during retrieval.
bioRxiv · Oct 11, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience