Ruth R. Sims

The paper develops a genetically encoded voltage indicator to measure subthreshold voltage dynamics in neurons, revealing electrical diversity and local computation.

This study demonstrates that rhodopsin-based voltage indicators can be used for two-photon voltage imaging, achieving high-fidelity action potential detection in vitro and in vivo.

BiPOLES is an optogenetic tool that allows bidirectional control of neuronal activity using two different light colors, enabling both excitation and inhibition of the same neurons in a single experiment.