Continuous pharyngeal endoderm links external and internal gills
Himanshi Singh, Michaela Kavková, Jan Vintr, Lorena Agostini Maia, Jakub Harnoš, Jan Křivánek, Radek Sindelka E, Vladimír Soukup
This study shows that external and internal gills in amphibians both originate from a continuous pharyngeal endoderm epithelium, resolving a long-standing developmental question.
bioRxiv · Aug 12, 2026 · PreprintDevelopmental Biology