CTLA-4 inhibitors drive colitis through metabolic reprogramming-mediated Treg/Th17 imbalance
Zhiying Li, Shanna Wu, Rongchen Liu, Runqiu Chen, Fanglin Li, Rong Zhang, Yiting Wang, Chaoqi Chen, Xinhang Zheng, Fengru Qiu, Liying Chen, Yaqi Zhao, Fengyu Du, Likun Gong, Yiru Long
This study identifies metabolic reprogramming as a mechanism by which CTLA-4 inhibitors cause colitis, showing that metformin can alleviate this toxicity without affecting antitumor efficacy.
bioRxiv · Jan 21, 2026 · PreprintPharmacology & Toxicology