Minimum Effective Dose of Clemastine in a Mouse Model of Preterm White Matter Injury

Abstract

BackgroundPreterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common cause of brain injury in premature neonates. PWMI involves a differentiation arrest of oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. Clemastine was previously shown to induce oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in mouse models of PWMI at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The minimum effective dose (MED) of clemastine is unknown. Identification if the MED is essential for maximizing safety and efficacy in neonatal clinical trials. We hypothesized that the MED in neonatal mice is lower than 10 mg/kg/day. MethodsMouse pups were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia (10% FiO2) from postnatal day 3 (P3) through P10. Vehicle or clemastine fumarate at one of four doses (0.5, 2, 7.5 or 10 mg/kg/day) was given orally to hypoxia-exposed pups. At P14, myelination was assessed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy to determine the MED. Clemastine pharmacokinetics were evaluated at steady-state on day 8 of treatment. ResultsClemastine rescued hypoxia-induced hypomyelination with a MED of 7.5 mg/kg/day. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the MED revealed Cmax 44.0 ng/mL, t1/2 4.6 hours, and AUC24 280.1 ng*hr/mL. ConclusionBased on these results, myelination-promoting exposures should be achievable with oral doses of clemastine in neonates with PWMI. Key PointsO_LIPreterm white matter injury (PWMI) is the most common cause of brain injury and cerebral palsy in premature neonates. C_LIO_LIClemastine, an FDA-approved antihistamine, was recently identified to strongly promote myelination in a mouse model of PWMI and is a possible treatment. C_LIO_LIThe minimum effective dose in neonatal rodents is unknown and is critical for guiding dose selection and balancing efficacy with toxicity in future clinical trials. C_LIO_LIWe identified the minimum effective dose of clemastine and the associated pharmacokinetics in a murine chronic hypoxia model of PWMI, paving the way for a future clinical trial in human neonates. C_LI