Prime editing in chicken fibroblasts and primordial germ cells

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technologies are revolutionizing developmental biology. One of the advanced CRISPR-based techniques is prime editing (PE), which enables precise gene modification in multiple model organisms. In the current study, we describe a method to apply PE to the genome of chicken fibroblasts and primordial germ cells (PGCs). By combining PE with a transposon-mediated genomic integration, drug selection, and the single-cell culture method, we successfully generated prime-edited chick PGCs. The chicken PGC is widely used as an experimental model to study germ cell formation and as a vector for gene transfer to produce transgenic chickens. Such experimental models are useful in the developmental biology field and as potential bioreactors to produce pharmaceutical and nutritious proteins. Thus, the method presented here will provide not only a powerful tool to investigate gene function in germ cell development but also a basis for generating prime-edited transgenic birds.