Single-vector AAV delivery of En-ISPmu1 and donor DNA for in vivo targeted genome integration

TnpBs are compact RNA-guided nucleases ideally suited for in vivo delivery. By screening novel TnpBs identified from large metagenomic datasets, ISPmu1 was discovered and its protein and {omega}RNA were engineered to generate En-ISPmu1, which achieved editing efficiencies exceeding 65% across 12 human loci. Owing to its compact size, En-ISPmu1 was delivered together with a donor DNA in a single AAV vector, yielding up to 12.7% targeted integration in mouse liver. These findings establish En-ISPmu1 as a promising versatile platform for in vivo therapeutic genome editing applications.