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ScienceCell BiologyPeer-reviewed journal article

The Tabula Sapiens: a multiple organ single cell transcriptomic atlas of humans

Robert C. JonesiD, Jim KarkaniasiD, Mark A. KrasnowiD, Angela Oliveira PiscoiD, Stephen R. QuakeiD, Julia SalzmaniD, Nir YosefiD, Bryan Bulthaup, Phillip Brown, William HarperiD, Marisa Hemenez, Ravikumar Ponnusamy, Ahmad SalehiiD, Bhavani A. Sanagavarapu, Eileen Spallino, Ksenia A. AaroniD, Waldo ConcepcioniD, James Morgan GardneriD, Burnett S. KellyiD, Nikole A. NeidlingeriD, Zifa WangiD, Sheela Crasta, Sai Saroja KolluruiD, Maurizio MorriiD, Serena Y. TaniD, , Andrea R. YungiD

PDFDOIPreprint
Structured summary available · Jump to summary ↓

Abstract

Molecular characterization of cell types using single cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues and tissue specific variation in gene expression. Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, the tissue specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. Cell type specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual.

Abstract summary

Claude Opus 5.5 · max effort · 17 Oct 2026 · from the abstract

Nearly 500,000 cells from 24 human tissues, many from one donor, characterize over 400 cell types and enable within-donor study of T-cell clones, B-cell mutation rates and splicing.

Single-cell transcriptome sequencing is changing how human organs are studied, and a multi-organ reference lets cell types be compared across tissues. This atlas covers 24 tissues and organs, many taken from the same donor, which made within-person analyses of immune clones, B-cell mutation rates, proliferation and splicing possible.

Key results

  1. ShownA human reference atlas characterizes more than 400 cell types, where they occur across tissues, and how their gene expression varies by tissue.

    Nearly 500,000 cells from 24 tissues and organs, many from the same donor; the abstract gives no per-tissue cell counts or donor numbers. · Abstract

  2. SuggestedSampling many tissues from one donor allowed T-cell clones to be traced between tissues, B-cell mutation rates to be compared by tissue, and the cell-cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types to be contrasted across tissues.

    Analyses rely on multiple tissues from a single donor; the abstract does not report the clone-sharing patterns, mutation rates or proliferation differences that were found. · Abstract

  3. SuggestedCell type-specific RNA splicing was identified and compared across tissues within one individual.

    Within-individual, cross-tissue analysis; the abstract gives no numbers of splicing events, genes or cell types involved. · Abstract

Methods, data and reproducibility

Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of nearly 500,000 cells from 24 tissues and organs, many from a single donor, assembled into a reference atlas and used to characterize cell types, their tissue distribution and tissue-specific expression, plus within-donor analyses of T-cell clonality, B-cell mutation, cell-cycle state and RNA splicing.

  • Single-cell transcriptomes from 24 tissues and organs, many from the same donor · human · n = nearly 500,000 cells; more than 400 cell types
Methods & tools
single-cell transcriptome sequencing
Reproducibility gaps
The atlas is presented as a reference, but the abstract gives no data portal, accession numbers or code.
Limitations (2)
  • The T-cell clone, B-cell mutation, proliferation and splicing analyses come from one donor's tissues, so whether these patterns hold across people is not addressed in the abstract. · noted in this summary
  • The abstract states which analyses the atlas made possible but not their outcomes (which clones were shared, how mutation rates differed by tissue), so those findings cannot be weighed from it. · noted in this summary

Read this if you need a multi-organ human single-cell reference for annotation or cross-tissue comparison, or same-donor data on immune clones, B-cell mutation and splicing.

Citations
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