TRIM21 is a molecular rheostat for influenza A virus replication
Qi Wen Teo, Huibin Lv, Tossapol Pholcharee, Xin Chen, Vidia Ramadin, Kevin J. Mao, Jessica J. Huang, Joel Rivera-Cardona, Jie Zhu, Yang Wei Huan, Evan K. Shao, Hein Min Tun, Christopher B. Brooke, Lilliana Radoshevich, Sumana Sanyal, Nicholas C. Wu
This study shows TRIM21 acts as a molecular rheostat regulating influenza A virus replication by modulating ubiquitination and innate immune signaling, with PRKDC as a compensatory antiviral factor when TRIM21 is absent.
bioRxiv · Mar 17, 2026 · PreprintCell Biology