This study shows that α2-adrenergic agonist anesthesia increases glymphatic CSF influx, independent of tracer injection duration, compared to isoflurane.

bioRxiv · Jun 30, 2026 · PreprintNeuroscience

Loss of aquaporin-4 results in glymphatic system dysfunction via brain-wide interstitial fluid stagnation

Ryszard S. Gomolka, Lauren M. Hablitz, Humberto Mestre, Michael J. Giannetto, Ting Du, Natalie Linea Hauglund, Lulu Xie, Weiguo Peng, Paula Melero Martinez, Maiken Nedergaard, Yuki Mori

This study examines how AQP4 deletion affects glymphatic function using diffusion MRI techniques, finding altered brain fluid dynamics and reduced glymphatic influx in AQP4 KO mice.

eLife · Feb 9, 2023Peer-reviewedNeuroscience

Aquaporin-4 dependent glymphatic solute transport in rodent brain

Humberto Mestre, Lauren M. Hablitz, Anna L. R. Xavier, Weixi Feng, Wenyan Zou, Tinglin Pu, Hiromu Monai, Giridhar Murlidharan, Ruth M. Castellanos Rivera, Matthew J. Simon, Martin M. Pike, Virginia Plá, Ting Du, Benjamin T. Kress, Xiaowen Wang, , Maiken Nedergaard

This study confirms that AQP4 is essential for glymphatic fluid and solute transport in the rodent brain, as Aqp4 disruption reduces CSF influx and amyloid-beta efflux.

eLife · Dec 18, 2018Peer-reviewedNeuroscience