Within-host antigenic selection of influenza A virus dominates over stochasticity but is limited by fitness tradeoffs and timing of the immune response
Vedhika Raghunathan, Christina Marcelo Leyson, Matthew A. Gaddy, Lucía Ortiz, Nahara Vargas-Maldonado, Jens Wrammert, Georgii A. Bazykin, Daniel B. Weissman, David VanInsberghe, Anice C. Lowen
This study shows that antigenic selection of influenza virus within hosts is driven by immune pressure timing and fitness tradeoffs, with moderate stochastic effects observed.
bioRxiv · Aug 20, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology