Fibrillarin shapes oncogenic protein pools and ribosomal composition in triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract

Fibrillarin (FBL), a core component of the C/D box snoRNP complex, catalyzes 2-O-methylation (Nm) of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), influencing ribosome heterogeneity and oncogene translation. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), FBL dysregulation creates an aberrant Nm signature. This study explores role of FBL in TNBC progression via translation-driven mechanisms. FBL knockdown impaired tumorigenic traits, induced metabolic stress, and reduced the translation efficiency of oncogenes, including metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), and thymosin beta 10 (TMSB10). RiboMethSeq analysis revealed differential rRNA Nm site sensitivity to FBL depletion. Additionally, FBL knockdown lowered RPS28 protein levels, suggesting its misincorporation into ribosomes. Notably, silencing RPS28 also suppressed oncogenic traits and downregulated MTA1, IRAK1, and TMSB10, highlighting its role in FBL-mediated translation. These findings uncover a complex interplay between FBL, rRNA Nm modifications, and RPS28 in shaping oncogenic protein pools and ribosomal composition in TNBC. Targeting this pathway could offer novel therapeutic strategies for this aggressive cancer subtype.