Decoding the regulatory logic of the Drosophila male stem cell system

In the past decade, the importance of the niche to provide regulatory inputs to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation has become clear. However, the regulatory interplay between stem cells and their niche at the whole genome level is still poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanisms controlling stem cells and their progenies as they progress through their developmental program at the transcriptional level, we recorded the regulatory program of two independent cell lineages in the Drosophila testis stem cell model. To this end, we identified genes active in the soma or germline as well as genome-wide binding profiles of two essential transcription factors, Zfh-1 and Abd-A, expressed in somatic support cells and crucial for fate acquisition of both cell lineages. Our data identified key roles for TOR signalling, signal processing V-ATPase proton pumps and the nuclear transport engaged nucleoporins and we demonstrate their importance in controlling germline maintenance, proliferation and differentiation from the support side. To make our dataset publicly available and support quick and intuitive data mining, we generated an interactive online analysis tool. Applying our tool for comparative analysis, we uncovered conserved core gene sets of adult stem cells across species boundaries. We have tested the functional relevance of these genes in the Drosophila testis and intestine and find a striking overrepresentation of stem cell defects when the corresponding genes were depleted. In summary, our dataset and interactive platform represents a versatile tool for identifying novel gene networks active in diverse stem cell types and provides a valuable resource for elucidating the multifaceted regulatory inputs required to guide proper stem cell behaviour.