Ganaxolone, an approved therapy for CDKL5-Deficiency Disorder, is an inhibitor of PTP1B

Abstract

CDKL5-deficiency disorder or CDD, which results in intellectual disability, speech and motor deficits, and seizures that can start as early as six weeks after birth, is caused by de novo mutations in the CDKL5 gene. In early 2022, the FDA approved Ganaxolone (Commercial name: Ztalmy) for treatment of seizures in CDD patients 2 years and older. Ganaxolone has been reported to act as a GABAA receptor agonist that helps reduce neuronal excitability; however, based on its chemical structure we hypothesized that ganaxolone may also act as a PTP1B inhibitor. We observed that ganaxalone was able to inhibit PTP1B activity both in an in vitro assay of enzyme activity and in different cell models, in a comparable way to known inhibitors of PTP1B, including MSI-1436, which has a similar chemical structure. Additionally, inhibition of PTP1B in differentiating SH-SY5Y cells increased TRKB/BDNF signaling. This effect was prominent in CDKL5-KO cells, where inhibition of PTP1B brought TRKB levels and BDNF signaling to levels similar to those of wild-type cells and the observed signaling changes also coincided with restoration of cellular morphology. Finally, loss of CDKL5 function resulted in increased levels of PTP1B. Our results suggest that, like in Rett syndrome, targeting PTP1B may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for CDD.