Keratin 17- and PKCα-dependent transient amplification of neutrophil influx after repeated stress to the skin

Neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Little is known about the source and identity of the signals mediating their recruitment in inflamed skin. We used the phorbol ester TPA and UVB, alone or in combination, to induce sterile inflammation in mouse skin and assess whether keratinocyte-derived signals impact neutrophil recruitment. A single TPA treatment results in a neutrophil influx in the dermis that peaks at 12h and resolves within 24h. A second TPA treatment or a UVB challenge, when applied at 24h but not 48h later, accelerates, amplifies, and prolongs neutrophil infiltration. This transient amplification response (TAR) is mediated by local signals in inflamed skin, can be recapitulated in ex vivo culture, and involves the K17-dependent sustainment of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and release of neutrophil chemoattractants by stressed keratinocytes. We show that K17 binds RACK1, a scaffold essential for PKC activity. Finally, analyses of RNAseq data reveal the presence of a transcriptomic signature consistent with TAR and PKC activation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. These findings uncover a novel, transient, and keratin-dependent mechanism that amplifies neutrophil recruitment to the skin under stress, with direct implications for inflammatory skin disorders.