Intracellular Aβ42 aggregation leads to cellular thermogenesis

The aggregation of A{beta}42 is a hallmark of Alzheimers disease. It is still not known what the biochemical changes are inside a cell which will eventually lead to A{beta}42 aggregation. Thermogenesis has been associated with cellular stress, the latter of which may promote aggregation. We perform intracellular thermometry measurements using fluorescent polymeric thermometers (FPTs) to show that A{beta}42 aggregation in live cells leads to an increase in cell-averaged temperatures. This rise in temperature is mitigated upon treatment with an aggregation inhibitor of A{beta}42 and is independent of mitochondrial damage that can otherwise lead to thermogenesis. With this, we present a diagnostic assay which could be used to screen small-molecule inhibitors to amyloid proteins in physiologically relevant settings. To interpret our experimental observations and motivate the development of future models, we perform classical molecular dynamics of model A{beta} peptides to examine the factors that hinder thermal disspation. We observe that this is controlled by the presence of ions in its surrounding environment, the morphology of the amyloid peptides and the extent of its hydrogen-bonding interactions with water. We show that aggregation and heat retention by A{beta} peptides are favoured under intracellular-mimicking ionic conditions, which could potentially promote thermogenesis. The latter will, in turn, trigger further nucleation events that accelerate disease progression.