Screening activity of brain cancer-derived factors on primary human brain pericytes

Abstract

Brain cancers offer poor prognoses to patients accompanied by symptoms that drastically impact the patient and their family. Brain tumours recruit local non-transformed cells to provide trophic support and immunosuppression within the tumour microenvironment, supporting tumour progression. Given the localization and supportive role of pericytes at the brain vasculature, we explored the potential for brain pericytes to contribute to the brain cancer microenvironment. To investigate this, primary brain pericytes were treated with factors commonly upregulated in brain cancers. Changes to brain pericyte cell signalling, inflammatory secretion, and phagocytosis were investigated. The TGF{beta} superfamily cytokines TGF{beta} and GDF-15 activated SMAD2/3 and inhibited C/EBP-{delta}, revealing a potential mechanism behind the pleiotropic action of TGF{beta} on brain pericytes. IL-17 induced secretion of IL-6 without activating NF{kappa}B, STAT1, SMAD2/3, or C/EBP-{delta} signalling pathways. IL-27 and IFN{gamma} induced STAT1 signalling and significantly reduced pericyte phagocytosis. The remaining brain cancer-derived factors did not induce a measured response, indicating that these factors may act on other cell types or require co-stimulation with other factors to produce significant effects. Together, these findings show potential mechanisms by which brain pericytes contribute to aspects of inflammation and starts to uncover the supportive role brain pericytes may play in brain cancers.