Destruction of DNA-binding proteins by programmable O'PROTAC: Oligonucleotide-based PROTAC

Abstract

DNA-binding proteins including transcription factors (TFs) play essential roles in gene transcription and DNA replication and repair during normal organ development and pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and obesity, deeming to be a large repertoire of attractive therapeutic targets. However, this group of proteins are generally considered undruggable as they lack an enzymatic catalytic site or a ligand binding pocket. PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology has been developed by engineering a bifunctional small molecule chimera to bring a protein of interest (POI) to the proximity of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, thus inducing the ubiquitination of POI and further degradation through proteasome pathway. Here we report the development of Oligonucleotide-based PROTAC (OPROTACs), a class of noncanonical PROTACs in which a TF-recognizing double-stranded oligonucleotide is incorporated as a binding moiety of POI. We demonstrate that OPROTACs of ERG and LEF1, two highly cancer-related transcription factors selectively promote degradation of these proteins and inhibit their transcriptional activity in cancer cells. The programmable nature of OPROTACs indicates that this approach is applicable to destruct other TFs. OPROTACs not only can serve as a research tool, but also can be harnessed as a therapeutic arsenal to target DNA binding proteins for effective treatment of diseases such as cancer.