A PI(3,5)P2/ESCRT-III axis terminates STING signalling by facilitating TSG101-mediated lysosomal microautophagy

Abstract

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is critical for the type I interferon response to pathogen- or self-derived cytosolic DNA. STING is degraded by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-driven lysosomal microautophagy (LMA), the impairment of which leads to sustained inflammatory responses. It has been unknown how ESCRT targets STING directly to lysosomes. Here, through kinase inhibitor screening and knockdown experiments of all the individual components of ESCRT, we show that STING degradation requires PIKfyve (a lipid kinase that generates PI(3,5)P2) and CHMP4B/C (components of ESCRT-III subcomplex). Knockdown of Pikfyve or Chmp4b/c results in the accumulation of STING vesicles of a recycling endosomal origin in the cytosol, leading to sustained type I interferon response. CHMP4B/C localize at lysosomes and their lysosomal localization is abolished by interference with PIKfyve activity. Our results identify lysosomal ESCRT-III as a PI(3,5)P2 effector, reveal a role of the less characterized phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2 in lysosomal biology, and provide insights into the molecular framework that distinguishes LMA from other cellular processes engaged with ESCRT.