Xenograft supervision and joint methylation-fragment-end encoding define a reusable molecular scoring layer for cell-free tumor DNA
Xuchao Zhang, Xiaojun Sun, Rui Wang, Ningning Zhao, Fang Liu, Xuhua Li, Jian Huang, Jiamin Sun, Han Li, Shang Lou, Haoyi Wang, Hailong Zhao, Han Shu, Peimeng Zhen, Hongcang Gu, , Fan Zhang
ctDNA-BERT scores individual bisulfite reads for cell-free DNA methylation analysis, achieving high accuracy in cancer staging without cohort-specific retraining.
bioRxiv · Oct 27, 2026 · PreprintBioinformatics