Revisiting genetic associations with educational outcomes during and after the Soviet era in Estonia
Ivan A. Kuznetsov, Margherita Malanchini, Oliver Pain, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Philip S. Dale, Jean‐Baptiste Pingault, Kathleen Rastle, Peeter Hõrak, Robert J. Plomin, Andres Metspalu, Kelli Lehto, Vasili Pankratov, Kaili Rimfeld
The paper examines genetic contributions to educational attainment and occupational status in Estonia during and after the Soviet era using the Estonian Biobank, finding increased genetic influence in education but not occupation.
bioRxiv · Sep 7, 2026 · PreprintGenetics