Faa1 membrane binding drives positive feedback in autophagosome biogenesis via fatty acid activation

Abstract

Autophagy serves as a stress response pathway by mediating the degradation of cellular material within lysosomes. In autophagy this material is encapsulated in double membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes, which form from precursors referred to as phagophores. Phagophores grow by lipid influx from the endoplasmic reticulum into Atg9-positive compartments and local lipid synthesis provides lipids for their expansion. How phagophore nucleation and expansion are coordinated with lipid synthesis is unclear. Here, we show that Faa1, an enzyme activating fatty acids, is directly recruited to Atg9 vesicles. We further show that Faa1 binds to negatively charged membranes. We define the membrane binding surface in Faa1 and show that membrane binding is required for its enzymatic activity. In cells, membrane binding by Faa1 is required for its recruitment to phagophores and promotes autophagosome biogenesis. Our results suggest a positive feedback loop coupling phagophore nucleation and expansion to lipid synthesis. SummaryBaumann, Achleitner, Tulli et al. dissect Faa1 function and recruitment during autophagy. They discover that Faa1 directly binds membranes via a positively charged surface. This is a prerequisite for Faa1s enzymatic activity sustaining autophagosome biogenesis.