Potential combined pro-cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of novel GABAA receptor positive modulators with preferential efficacy at the α5-subunit

Abstract

Altered {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is consistently reported in psychiatric disorders, normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and reduced function of somatostatin - expressing GABA interneurons is associated with both mood and cognitive symptoms. Somatostatin-neurons signal in part through 5-subunit containing GABAA receptors (5-GABAA-Rs) which are localized in brain regions implicated in emotion and cognition. We hypothesize that enhancing 5-GABAA-R activity has therapeutic potential for both mood and cognitive symptoms in stress-based and aging rodent models.\n\nWe synthesized four novel imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) amide ligands, tested them for positive allosteric modulation at 5-GABAA-R (5-PAM), pharmacokinetic properties, and for anxiolytic and antidepressant activities in adult mice. Pro-cognitive activity was tested in adult mice submitted to chronic stress and in old mice. Diazepam (DZP), with broad PAM activity at GABAA-Rs, was used as a control.\n\nThree novel IBZD amide ligands (GL-II-73, GL-II-74 and GL-II-75) demonstrated adequate brain penetration, affinity and 5-PAM activity, and metabolic stability for in vivo studies. GL-II-73/74/75 showed significant anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacies in adult mice. GL-II-73 and GL-II-75 significantly reversed cognitive deficits induced by stress or occurring throughout normal aging. This activity was maintained after sub-chronic administration for GL-II-73. In contrast DZP displayed anxiolytic but no antidepressant or pro-cognitive activities.\n\nWe demonstrate for the first time the potential for combined anxiolytic, antidepressant and pro-cognitive therapeutic, mediated by newly designed IBDZ amide ligands with efficacy at 5-GABAA-Rs. These results suggest a novel therapeutic approach targeting both mood and cognitive symptoms in depression and/or aging.