In vivo translatome profiling reveals early defects in ribosome biology underlying SMA pathogenesis

Abstract

BackgroundGenetic alterations impacting on ubiquitously expressed proteins involved in mRNA metabolism often result in neurodegenerative conditions, with increasing evidence suggesting that translational defects can contribute to disease. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of SMN protein, whose role in disease pathogenesis remains unclear.\n\nResultsBy determining in parallel the in vivo transcriptome and translatome in SMA mice we identified a robust decrease in translational efficiency, arising during early stages of disease. Translational defects affected translation-related transcripts, were cell autonomous, and were fully rescued after treatment with antisense oligonucleotides to restore SMN levels. Defects in translation were accompanied by a decrease in the number of ribosomes in motor neurons in vivo.\n\nConclusionOur findings suggest that neuronal tissues and cells are particularly sensitive to perturbations in translation during SMA, and identify ribosome biology as an important, yet largely neglected, factor in motor neuron degeneration.