DnaJC7 binds natively folded structural elements in tau to inhibit amyloid formation

Molecular chaperones, including Hsp70/Hsp40 families, play central roles in binding substrates to prevent their aggregation. How Hsp40s select different conformations of substrates remains poorly understood. Here, we report a novel interaction between the Hsp40 DnaJC7 and tau that efficiently suppresses tau aggregation in vitro and in cells. DnaJC7 binds preferentially to natively folded wild-type tau, but disease-associated mutants in tau reduce chaperone binding affinity. We identify that DnaJC7 uses a single TPR domain to recognize a {beta}-turn element in tau that contains the 275VQIINK280 amyloid motif. Wild-type tau {beta}-turn fragments, but not mutant fragments, can block full-length tau binding to DnaJC7. These data suggest DnaJC7 preferentially binds and stabilizes natively folded conformations of tau to prevent tau conversion into amyloids. This identifies a novel mechanism of tau aggregation regulation that can be exploited as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic intervention.