Global organelle profiling reveals subcellular localization and remodeling at proteome scale

Defining the subcellular distribution of all human proteins and its remodeling across cellular states remains a central goal in cell biology. Here, we present a high-resolution strategy to map subcellular organization using organelle immuno-capture coupled to mass spectrometry. We apply this proteomics workflow to a cell-wide collection of membranous and membrane-less compartments. A graph-based representation of our data reveals the subcellular localization of over 7,600 proteins, defines spatial protein networks, and uncovers interconnections between cellular compartments. We demonstrate that our approach can be deployed to comprehensively profile proteome remodeling during cellular perturbation. By characterizing the cellular landscape following hCoV-OC43 viral infection, we discover that many proteins are regulated by changes in their spatial distribution rather than by changes in their total abundance. Our results establish that proteome-wide analysis of subcellular remodeling provides essential insights for the elucidation of cellular responses. Our dataset can be explored at organelles.czbiohub.org.