Nucleosome remodelling at origins of Global Genome-Nucleotide Excision Repair occurs at the boundaries of higher-order chromatin structure

Repair of UV-induced DNA damage requires chromatin remodeling. How repair is initiated in chromatin remains largely unknown. We recently demonstrated that Global Genome Nucleotide Excision Repair (GG-NER) in chromatin is organized into domains around open reading frames. Here, we identify these domains, and by examining DNA damage-induced changes in the linear structure of nucleosomes, we demonstrate how chromatin remodeling is initiated during repair. In undamaged cells, we show that the GG-NER complex occupies chromatin at nucleosome free regions of specific gene promoters. This establishes the nucleosome structure at these genomic locations, which we refer to as GG-NER complex binding sites (GCBSs). We demonstrate that these sites are frequently located at genomic boundaries that delineate chromasomally interacting domains (CIDs). These boundaries define domains of higher-order nucleosome-nucleosome interaction. We show that efficient repair of DNA damage in chromatin is initiated following disruption of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes adjacent to GCBSs by the GG-NER complex.