Type I interferon-driven lung pathology restricts T cell accumulation and motility during tuberculosis

Abstract

CD8+ T cells are elicited during tuberculosis yet how susceptible lung environments shape their maintenance and behavior is unclear. We examined pulmonary T cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in resistant control and Sp140-/- mice, a model of type I interferon (IFN-I)-driven susceptibility. Resistant mice generated diverse CD8+ effector- and memory-like subsets producing TNF and IFN{gamma}, whereas Sp140-/- mice showed a broad loss of pulmonary CD8+ T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed altered states in CD8+ T cells from susceptible mice with exhaustion and IFN-I transcriptional programs. IFNAR blockade rescued CD8+ T cell numbers, diversity, cytokine production, reduced bacterial burden and lung pathology, with comparable benefits also valid for CD4+ T cells. Intravital microscopy of infected lungs further showed that T cell dynamics and motility within lesions were restricted under exuberant IFN-I signaling but fully restored by IFNAR blockade. Thus, IFN-I-driven tissue pathology restricts T cell accumulation and motility during tuberculosis. TeaserIn tuberculosis, excessive type I interferon signaling reshapes the lung environment, limiting T cell accumulation and motility within infected lesions.