Callum Magill

This study shows that the canine respiratory tract supports influenza A virus replication and could facilitate interspecies transmission and emergence of new IAVs.

Cattle B3.13 H5N1 polymerase gained PB2 M631L and PA K497R, boosting replication in bovine and human cells via better bovine ANP32A use; later PB2 E627K and D740N add activity.

This study shows that H5N1 viruses' ability to adapt to bovine cells varies across genotypes and time, with key mutations in PB2 playing a role.

The study shows cow mammary gland cells can support replication of multiple IAV strains and are susceptible to co-infection with human and avian IAVs, suggesting the udder may act as a site for viral reassortment.