Large-scale changes to mRNA polyadenylation in temporal lobe epilepsy

The molecular mechanisms that shape the gene expression landscape during the development and maintenance of chronic states of brain hyperexcitability are incompletely understood. Here we show that cytoplasmic mRNA polyadenylation, a posttranscriptional mechanism for regulating gene expression, undergoes widespread reorganisation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Specifically, over 25% of the hippocampal transcriptome displayed changes in their poly(A) tail in mouse models of epilepsy, particular evident in the chronic phase. The expression of cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding proteins (CPEB1-4) was found to be altered in the hippocampus in mouse models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy patients and CPEB4 target transcripts were over-represented among those showing poly(A) tail changes. Supporting an adaptive function, CPEB4-deficiency leads to an increase in seizure severity and neurodegeneration in mouse models of epilepsy. Together, these findings reveal an additional layer of gene expression control during epilepsy and point to novel targets for seizure control and disease-modification in epilepsy.