3D genome remodelling underlies PU.1-dependent granulocyte maturation

Abstract

PU.1 is an ETS-domain transcription factor that has critical roles in many aspects of hematopoiesis and immune cell fate and function. In addition, aberrant PU.1 expression has been implicated in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Loss of PU.1 during adult murine hematopoiesis results in the expansion of immature granulocytes suggesting that PU.1 plays an important role in granulocyte maturation. To understand the molecular underpinnings of this process, we combined gene expression, transcription factor binding and 3D genome analyses with conditional deletion of PU.1 in vivo. We find that in contrast to normal granulocytes, PU.1-deficient cells possessed a transcriptome of immature granulocytes, in line with their cellular phenotype. Furthermore PU.1-deficient granulocytes display altered 3D genome architecture with a significant loss of interactivity in regions bound by PU.1 in control cells. Overall, this study implicates PU.1 as a key regulator of granulocyte maturation and lineage commitment through control of transcriptional programs and 3D chromatin architecture.