The novel role of Kallistatin in linking metabolic syndromes and cognitive memory deterioration by inducing amyloid-β plaques accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation

Accumulation of amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the hippocampus triggers cognitive memory decline in Alzheimers disease (AD). The incidence and mortality of sporadic AD were tightly associated with diabetes and hyperlipidemia, while the exact linked molecular is uncertain. Here, we reported that serum Kallistatin concentrations were meaningfully higher in AD patients, with a higher concentration of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride. In addition, the constructed Kallistatin-transgenic (KAL-TG) mice defined its cognitive memory impairment phenotype and lower LTP in hippocampal CA1 neurons accompanied by increased A{beta} deposition and tau phosphorylation. Mechanistically, Kallistatin could directly bind to the Notch1 receptor and thereby upregulate BACE1 expression by inhibiting PPAR{gamma} signaling, resulting in A{beta} cleavage and production. Besides, Kallistatin could promote the phosphorylation of tau by activating GSK-3{beta}. Fenofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug, could alleviate cognitive memory impairment by down-regulating A{beta} and tau phosphorylation of KAL-TG mice. Collectively, our data clarified a novel mechanism for A{beta} accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation regulation by Kallistatin, which might play a crucial role in linking metabolic syndromes and cognitive memory deterioration, and suggested that fenofibrate might have the potential for treating metabolism-related AD. HighlightsO_LIKallistatin-transgenic (KAL-TG) mice defined its cognitive memory impairment phenotype accompanied by increased A{beta} deposition and tau phosphorylation. C_LIO_LIKallistatin could directly bind to the Notch1 receptor and thereby upregulate BACE1 expression by inhibiting PPAR{gamma} signaling. C_LIO_LIFenofibrate could alleviate cognitive memory impairment and down-regulate the serum Kallistatin level. C_LI