Human spastin functions as an ATPase-independent microtubule nucleator via ring-stack formation

Microtubule severing enzyme spastin plays pivotal roles in cytokinesis and neuronal outgrowth, and its mutations cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Here we show that, at physiological tubulin concentrations, human spastin behaves predominantly as an ATPase- independent microtubule nucleator rather than a severase. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed that spastin assembles tubulin into stacked-ring intermediates via strategically positioned microtubule-binding domains, thereby generating nucleation-competent sites for polymerization. Tubulin subunits within these spastin-induced rings adopt a straight, microtubule-like interface, in marked contrast to the twisted tubulin spirals characteristic of depolymerizing microtubule ends. Our results redefine the mechanistic landscape of multifaceted spastin functions and provide insights that may inform the pathological basis of HSP and guide future therapeutic strategies.