Cytoplasmic localization of PUS7 facilitates a pseudouridine-dependent enhancement of cellular stress tolerance

Pseudouridine ({Psi}) is an abundant post-transcriptional modification found across all classes of RNA. It has been widely speculated that {Psi} inclusion in mRNAs might provide an avenue for cells to control gene expression post-transcriptionally. Here we demonstrate that one of the principal mRNA pseudouridylating enzymes, pseudouridine synthase 7 (PUS7), exhibits a stress-induced accumulation in the cytoplasm of yeast and human epithelial lung cells. Stress-induced and cytoplasmic localization of PUS7 promote {Psi}-incorporation into hundreds of mRNA targets. Furthermore, engineered PUS7 cytoplasmic localization increases cellular fitness under ROS and divalent metal ion stress. Consistent with this, transcripts modified upon PUS7 cytoplasmic localization are enriched within mRNAs encoding proteins involved in divalent metal metabolism and ROS stress pathways. In contrast, tRNA sites modified by PUS7 ({Psi}13 and {Psi}35 are unperturbed). Quantitative proteomics reveal a reshaping of the proteome upon PUS7 relocalization under stress, with proteins involved in metal and ROS homeostasis being particularly sensitive to PUS7 localization. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PUS7 localization alters mRNA pseudouridylation patterns to modulate protein production and enhance cellular fitness.