Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Dual process impairments in reinforcement learning and working memory systems underlie learning deficits in physiological anxiety

This study identifies dual process impairments in reinforcement learning and working memory in individuals with physiological anxiety, showing reduced learning rates and increased WM decay.

Task-specific theta enhancement and domain-general alpha/beta suppression as oscillatory signatures of individual differences in cognitive flexibility

The paper identifies two neural signatures of cognitive flexibility using ERP data from cued switching tasks, finding distinct theta and alpha/beta dynamics that correlate with task performance.

Two Distinct Attentional Priorities Guide Exploratory and Exploitative Gaze in Parallel

The paper shows that gaze is guided by two attentional priorities: exploratory attention for uncertainty and exploitative attention for reward history, using nonhuman primates in a learning task.

Model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain vary markedly in their relationship to individual differences in human behavioral control

The paper examines how model-based and model-free valuation signals in the human brain relate to individual differences in behavioral control using fMRI data from a large sample.

Social observation influences the trajectory of performance monitoring across trials: evidence from single-trial estimates of the ERN and CRN

This study shows social observation affects ERN and CRN trajectories over short timescales but not long timescales during a Flanker task.

Causal Contributions of Left Inferior and Medial Frontal Cortex to Semantic and Executive Control

This study uses TMS to investigate the roles of left IFG and pre-SMA in semantic and executive control, finding shared and distinct contributions to cognitive tasks.

A nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement learning

The paper demonstrates a nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement learning, showing it can be modeled by an exponential-logarithmic function.

Striatal Value Signals Track Progress Toward a Goal During Planning

The paper shows that striatal value signals track progress toward a goal during planning, supporting a goal gradient rather than full forward-planning models.

A plastic attractor model of flexible rule-based selective attention

The paper demonstrates that plastic attractors can model flexible rule-based selective attention by forming task-specific synaptic connections and reproducing behavioral and neural findings.

Catecholamines reduce choice history biases in perceptual decision making

This study shows that catecholamines reduce choice history biases in perceptual decisions by affecting sensory evidence accumulation.

Parallel Belief States account for Learning and Updating of Attentional Priorities in Multidimensional Environments

The paper models how attentional priorities are updated in multidimensional environments using parallel belief states to explain learning and decision-making.

Opposing, multiplexed information in lateral and ventral orbitofrontal cortex guides sequential foraging decisions in rats

This study shows that lateral and ventral orbitofrontal cortex in rats encode opposing representations of reward value and opportunity costs to guide sequential foraging decisions.

Fronto-motor circuits linked to effort-based decision-making and apathy in healthy subjects

This study examines fronto-motor circuits related to effort-based decision-making and apathy in healthy individuals, finding associations between apathy scores and structural and effective connectivity in specific circuits.

Behavioral expression of decision confidence engages disentangled confidence coding in the orbitofrontal cortex

The paper shows that task engagement in the orbitofrontal cortex aligns population activity along a confidence axis, enabling confidence-based behavior in rats.

Output-Contingent Working Memory and Decision-Making in Economic Choices

This study uses RNNs to model economic decision-making tasks with different output contingencies, revealing distinct neural dynamics for commodity-based and order-based reference frames.

Slower transitions between control states lead to reductions in cognitive flexibility over the lifespan

This study shows that slower transitions between cognitive control states in older adults reduce cognitive flexibility, despite preserved ability to reach target states when given sufficient time.

Comparative Computational Modeling of Approach-Avoidance Biases in Suicidal Populations via Hierarchical Bayesian Inference

This study compares computational models of approach-avoidance biases in suicidal populations using hierarchical Bayesian inference, finding that simpler models with value decay better explain behavior than complex ones.

The Role of Video Game Practice in Trial-by-Trial Adaptation, Consolidation, and Reinforcement Learning Biases

This study finds that habitual video game play enhances reinforcement learning dynamics and consolidation under uncertainty but does not affect stable learning biases.

Investigating Neural Correlates of Emotional Regulation as a Function of Age, Race, and Socioeconomic Status

The paper examines age-related changes in emotional regulation neural correlates across race and socioeconomic status using UK Biobank MRI data, finding age-related decreases in amygdala activation but SES-related increases.

The interplay between executive functions and updating predictive representations

This study investigates how executive functions relate to updating probabilistic predictive representations during habit rewiring, finding positive links with inhibition and negative links with semantic fluency.

Neural representation of emotional valence in human amygdala

This study compares univariate and multivariate models of emotional valence encoding in the human amygdala using fMRI, finding that core amygdala regions use global activation rather than distributed patterns.

Model of a striatal circuit exploring biological mechanisms underlying decision-making during normal and disordered states

This paper develops a computational model of striatal circuits that explains decision-making mechanisms and links them to neuropsychiatric disorders through altered information processing.

Neural dynamics of proactive and reactive cognitive control in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex

The paper investigates neural dynamics in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex during proactive and reactive cognitive control using intracranial EEG in a Stroop task with manipulated conflict frequency.

Apathy-anhedonia is associated with pessimistic beliefs yet sharpened goal-directed planning

The paper shows that apathy-anhedonia is linked to pessimistic beliefs but not reduced goal-directed planning, with enhanced performance in value-based decision-making tasks.

Older Adults Show Altered Default Mode and Executive Control Network Connectivity during Fairness Decisions

This study examines how aging affects brain network connectivity during fairness decisions in an ultimatum game, finding age-related differences in default mode and executive control network interactions.

Circuit inhibition promotes the dynamic reorganization of prefrontal task encoding to support cognitive flexibility

This study shows that circuit inhibition in the prefrontal cortex enables dynamic reorganization of task encoding, supporting cognitive flexibility by allowing rapid shifts in rule representations during learning.

Low dimensional latent structure underlying the choices of mice

The paper applies a hybrid model to mouse decision-making data to uncover cognitive processes by combining theory-driven and data-driven approaches.

Encoding of visual stimuli and behavioral goals in distinct anatomical areas of monkey ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

This study identifies distinct functional roles of anatomical areas in monkey ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during visual tasks and action organization.

Competitive integration of time and reward explains value-sensitive foraging decisions and frontal cortex ramping dynamics

The paper develops a model integrating time and reward to explain foraging decisions and identifies frontal cortex ramping dynamics as a mechanism for solving patch foraging problems.

Forward planning in a population-based alcohol use disorder sample

This study investigates forward planning in individuals with mild-to-moderate alcohol use disorder compared to healthy controls, finding no evidence of planning impairments.