Discover, rate, and discuss biology preprints.

After controlling for confounders, 15 wild Sumatran orangutan mothers differed consistently in average expression of four of six maternal behaviours and in age-related plasticity for three.

Cholesterol accumulation in hepatic lipid droplets drives inflammation and fibrosis in mouse and human MASH and is reversed by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis or knocking down Coasy or Hsd17b13.

Cellpose's flow-field output on SAM's pretrained encoder yields one segmenter that errs less than a second human annotator on out-of-distribution images (0.163 vs 0.257 error rate).

Citation-network analysis of 112,720 Alzheimer's disease papers finds that no single author or paper reaches most of the field; the top 150 authors average 7.8% literature reach.

Resource of 212 literature-curated chimeric class A GPCRs linked to 1,755 natural class A mammalian GPCRs, annotated at sequence, structure and biophysics level, with guidelines for designing new chimeras.

Multi-environment GWAS of 206 peach and 150 apricot accessions under natural infection finds mostly environment-specific or interactive loci, 60 high confidence QTLs and 87 candidate genes.

Tobacco engineered to emit isoprene resisted whiteflies and hornworms, deterred larval feeding, lost less photosynthesis, and produced a stronger jasmonic acid surge after herbivory or wounding.

After true ileal digestibility adjustment, about half of 193 long-term New Zealand vegans fell short of lysine and leucine requirements, though most met the protein Estimated Average Requirement.

Image analysis of 262,832 pancreatic endocrine objects across 220 donors reveals that small beta-cell-only clusters are abundant in early childhood but virtually absent in type 1 diabetes.

Across 4883 species, standardised high-molecular-weight DNA extraction passed 96% of chordate and 91% of plant species, while fungi failed at 34.2%; ultra-low-input PacBio libraries rescue many low-yield samples.

In DT40 cells, condensins displace extrusive cohesin, bypass cohesive cohesin and stall against each other while extruding ~1-3 kb/sec, yielding irregular helical chromatids of consecutive loops.

Functionally similar neurons in mouse visual cortex connect preferentially across layers and areas, including feedback, and feature tuning, not receptive-field position, predicts synapses beyond axon-dendrite proximity.

Plasma metabolomics with random forests separated heart failure stage B from C (AUC 0.97) and HFpEF from EF <50% (AUC 0.96), suggesting HFmrEF resembles HFrEF metabolically.

In validated multicenter replications, 20 to 44% of 45 published Brazilian MTT, RT-PCR and elevated plus maze experiments replicated, depending on criterion; replication effects were usually smaller.

Nobby Knob, a Carnian bonebed in Wyoming's lower Popo Agie Formation, records an autochthonous, weakly sorted mass mortality of the metoposaurid Buettnererpeton bakeri (MNI 19).

Visium profiling of nine pediatric osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases reveals a conserved granuloma-like architecture: inflamed macrophage-rich periphery, collagen capsule, inflammation-poor core, and CXCR4 as candidate target.

Cologne Protocol estimates from 1788 Final Palaeolithic sites show Europe's hunter-gatherer population roughly halving from GI-1d-a to the Younger Dryas, with occupation shifting eastward.

CSF YWHAG:NPTX2 synapse protein ratio, from proteomics of 3,416 individuals across six cohorts, explains cognitive impairment beyond amyloid and tau and predicts decline (hazard ratio 15.4).

Modelling 12 alternative photorespiratory pathways predicts the largest carbon-export gains for carbon-fixing designs (TaCo); complete decarboxylation bypasses help mainly by releasing CO2 in chloroplasts, raising carboxylation and recapturing lost CO2.

A FIB-SEM connectome of the male Drosophila right optic lobe sorts ∼53,000 neurons into 727 types, with neurotransmitter predictions and 577 matched split-GAL4 lines.