SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein induces a temporal systemic immune response and promotes long-term anxiety-like behaviors
Leyre Merino-Galán, John Hemenway, Hawa Jagana, Taylor S. Jackson, Ashmitha Rajendran, Asheema Khanna, Sergio Ortiz‐Espinosa, Surojit Sarkar, Vandana Kalia, Siobhan S. Pattwell
This study investigates how SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein induces systemic immune responses and long-term anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
bioRxiv · Jun 18, 2026 · PreprintMolecular Biology