From promiscuity to specialization: The origin of cholinergic and monoaminergic signaling is pre-bilaterian
Alexandros A. Pittis, Luis Alfonso Yáñez-Guerra, Fabian Ruperti, Alison G. Cole, Milena Marinković, Daniel J. Thiel, Jaime Huerta‐Cepas, Jacob M. Musser, Ulrich Technau, Gáspár Jékely, Detlev Arendt
This study shows that cholinergic and monoaminergic signaling originated before Bilateria, using a combination of metabolomics, phylogenetics, and single-cell analysis.
bioRxiv · Oct 14, 2026 · PreprintEvolutionary Biology