CRISPR-targeted display of functional T cell receptors enables engineering of enhanced specificity and prediction of cross-reactivity

Abstract

T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy is a promising cell therapy approach for the treatment of cancer. However, most naturally occurring TCRs display low affinities to their peptide-MHC targets, and engineering of TCRs for enhanced affinity is complicated by the risk of introducing cross-reactivity and the poor correlation between affinity and function. Here we report the establishment of the TCR-accepting T cell (TnT) platform through five sequential CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing steps of a human T cell line, and demonstrate its application for functional engineering of TCRs and prediction of cross-reactivity. Using the TnT platform, we profile the mutational landscapes of tumor-specific TCRs at high-throughput to reveal a substantial discordance between antigen binding and antigen-induced signaling. Furthermore, we combine CRISPR-targeting, functional selection and deep sequencing to screen TCR mutagenesis libraries and identify variants with enhanced recognition of the cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A3. Finally, functional cross-reactivity profiling using TnT cells was able to accurately predict off-targets and identify engineered TCRs with exquisite specificity to MAGE-A3. Thus, the TnT platform represents a valuable technology for the engineering of TCRs with enhanced functional and safety profiles.