Genetic Variants of Phospholipase C-γ 2 Confer Altered Microglial Phenotypes and Differential Risk for Alzheimers Disease

Abstract

Genetic association studies have demonstrated the critical involvement of the microglial immune response in Alzheimers disease (AD) pathogenesis. Phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2) is selectively expressed by microglia and acts in many immune receptor signaling pathways. In AD, PLCG2 is induced uniquely in plaque-associated microglia. A genetic variant of PLCG2, PLCG2P522R, is a mild hypermorph that attenuates AD risk. We report the identification of a PLCG2 variant, PLCG2M28L, associated with loss-of-function and confers increased AD risk. PLCG2P522R attenuates disease in an amyloidogenic murine AD model, whereas PLCG2M28L exacerbates the plaque burden associated with altered phagocytosis and A{beta} clearance. The variants bidirectionally modulate disease pathology by inducing distinct transcriptional programs that identify microglial subpopulations associated with protective or detrimental phenotypes. In summary, these findings identify PLCG2M28L as a new AD risk variant and demonstrate that PLCG2 variants can differentially orchestrate microglial responses in AD pathogenesis that can be therapeutically targeted. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=122 SRC="FIGDIR/small/519685v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (48K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19f0aa6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@74191eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d3a3forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@db2a44_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIA genetic variant of PLCG2, M28L, is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimers disease (AD) C_LIO_LIIn an amyloidogenic AD mouse model, PLCG2M28L exacerbates disease pathogenesis C_LIO_LIConversely, PLCG2P522R, a protective PLCG2 variant, attenuates AD pathogenesis C_LIO_LIThe PLCG2 variants uniquely alter the microglial transcriptome and phenotypes C_LI